Using Enterprise Architecture to reduce IT costs ( a cookbook for IT cost reduction)
In my post about "What
can be done with Enterprise Architecture" I mentioned four main areas
where I'm using successfully enterprise architecture. I already started to touch
IT planning (will dedicate posts for M&A and BCP/DRP in the future) , So
this time I want to deal with the hottest topic today : IT cost
reduction.
There are six main directions that you can follow to reduce your
IT costs. Each one of them required certain level of familiarity with your IT
assets, business needs and available technologies in the market today.
Those directions are:
- Removing Unused assets. Removing or (reusing for other
purpose) assets that doesn't support any business functionality (application,
products, hardware).
- Consolidation of servers, databases, technologies and
applications.
- Introduction of cost reduction technologies like
virtualization, Grid computing, cloud computing, Etc'.
- Freezing high cost low value projects, which will reduce
HR costs and technology investment.
- Replacing high cost low usage technologies, which will
reduce licensing and support costs.
- Changing agreements with suppliers to reduce cost (to
'site license' and from 'site license' to license by
product)
As you can see each one of those direction required knowledge of
what we (IT) have, our business environment and where we (Busines) heading.
Therefore the first phase will be collecting this information by following a
meta-model
that suites your enterprise needs. The second phase will be modeling (or
enter) the collected data into a tool that will enable you to view the collected
data from different angles ( a business intelligence view of your IT assets and
business direction). The third phase is running analysis on top of this data to
gain success in each one of mentioned above direction. For example give in order
technologies by four categories: performing the same technology
capability, with the minimum application usage, that has minimum custom code
written above the technology and with high cost. Our last step is to create a
radmap (that takes in account current IT activities and dependencies)
to set when and by whom the needed tasks will be performed.
Lets take a closer look at each one of those phases:
- Collect and model. Collect architecture
building blocks and model their relations. The most comon building blocks and
relations for cost reduction are:
- Building Blocks
- Business capabilities (name)
- Applications (name, maintenance costs)
- Technologies (name, description, cost – license +
maintenance , number of maintaining persons)
- Servers (name, cost)
- Projects
- Relations
- Capabilities to Applications
- Applications to technologies
- Technologies to Servers
- Projects to business capabilities, application,
technologies and servers.
- Identify duplicate technology
- Execute technology report (technology name + technology
description)
- Identify duplicate/overlap technologies by:
- Organization knowledge
- Using technology
description
- Group duplicated/overlap technologies
together
- Validate conclusions
- Calculate technology cost
- For each technology in each Group calculate technology
cost
- Licensing of software
- Maintenance costs
- Servers costs
- Human resources costs
- Identify Amount of Customizations
- find any custom code (usually mapped as applications) on
top of each technology (to serve as infrastructure)
- Add the following data for each technology:
- Amount of code that was written
- Number of infrastructure applications
- Number of lines of code
- Amount of applications that are using custom code (on top
of the technology)
- Identify Usage & Business Support for
Applications
- For each technology list all applications that directly
using given technology
- For each technology you should have:
- Application that are using it directly
- Application the are using it indirectly (using custom
code)
- For each application that is using one of the listed
technologies get all business capabilities, which the application
supports
- Add this list to each technology
- Calculate Costs & Model Savings (incl. Cost to
Retire)
- For each technology list:
- Total cost
- Amount of custom code
- Application supported by custom code
- Total application being supported by technology
- List of business capabilities being supported by
technology
- Identify if one of the given technologies required high
costs, has less custom code, support less applications and support less business
functions or less core business functions
- Find assets that dosen't support any business
capabilities
- Look for technologies that fits into business enviroment
and will reduce costs ( can't suggest cloud computing to CIA :-) )
- Identify the cost and time needed to convert
applications, which are using the suggested (to be removed) technology, to work
with the replacement technology
- Create road map
- Create migration plan
- For each application that requires a change
- When the change will be done
- What are the resources needed
- Dependencies
- When to retire the technology + Connection with
vendor
IT cost reduction is not an east task from many aspects. Using
enterprise architecture helps you at least in one aspect, it gives you
systematic approach to deal with huge amount of data and possibilities. Such
approach helps to reach better results in less time.